Current Issue
Volume 14, Issue 8 - 2026 (August 2026 Issue 08)
Issue Details:
Volume 14 Issue 8 (August 2026 Issue 08)Issue Description:
Welcome to the 2026 issue of American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.
We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.
As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.
Dr H J Patel
Editor-in-Chief
American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research
Articles in This Issue
Physiological, Psychological, and Clinical Effects of Oral Contraceptive Pills: A Systematic Narrative Synthesis
Combined and progestogen-only oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are among the most widely used reversible methods of fertility control worldwide, yet their physiological and psychological effects remain debated across multiple clinical domains. This manuscript synthesizes findings from seventeen recent publications—systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional surveys—covering the cognitive, cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, psychological, and reproductive effects of OCPs, together with their history, therapeutic applications, and emerging formulations. Effects prove domain- and formulation-specific: OCP use is associated with modest gains in verbal memory, while venous thromboembolism risk and inflammatory markers vary by progestin generation and androgenic activity. Findings on mortality, mood, and exercise-related muscle damage are similarly mixed, and methodological heterogeneity across the literature limits firm conclusions in several domains. Non-contraceptive use—particularly for menstrual disorders and polycystic ovary syndrome—is common and clinically valuable, although weight-related concerns remain a leading driver of discontinuation. This synthesis supports individualized, progestin-informed prescribing and identifies persistent gaps in long-term, high-quality comparative evidence.
Contributors:
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF INJECTION PAIN DURING ADMINISTRATION OF LOCAL ANAESTHESIA AFTER TOPICAL ANAESTHETIC GEL VERSUS CRYOTHERAPY APPLICATION: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Background: The insertion of local anesthetic solution remains one of the most dreaded events during dental treatment, and discomfort from needle penetration is a recognised source of dental anxiety and treatment avoidance. Topical anesthetic gels and pre-injection cooling (cryotherapy) have both been proposed to reduce this discomfort, yet direct comparisons in adult endodontic patients are limited. Objective: To compare pain perception during administration of local anesthesia following a 2% lignocaine topical gel versus a standardized ice-stick cryotherapy protocol. Materials and Methods: In this two-arm crossover randomized controlled trial, patients aged 18–60 years requiring endodontic treatment in at least two teeth received both protocols at separate sites: 2% lignocaine gel (Group A) for 1 minute and a customized ice stick measuring 5 mm × 10 mm (Group B) for 15 seconds before injection. Injection pain was self-rated on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS), and scores were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test at a 5% level of significance. Results: The mean VAS score was 3.65 ± 1.00 in Group A and 2.53 ± 0.94 in Group B, a statistically significant difference (z = −2.888, p = 0.004) indicating lower injection pain with cryotherapy. Conclusion: Pre-injection cryotherapy using a standardized ice stick produced significantly less injection pain than 2% lignocaine topical gel. It offers a simple, inexpensive and non-pharmacological chairside adjunct that can be readily incorporated into routine endodontic practice.
Contributors:
Formulation and Evaluation of Proniosomal Transdermal Gel of Drug Luliconazole
INTRODUCTION: Proniosomal gels are generally present in transparent, translucent or white semisolid gel texture, which makes them physically stable during storage and transport. Due to the limited solvent system present, the proniosomes formed were the mixture of many phases of liquid crystal, viz. lamellar, hexagonal and cubic phase liquid crystals as given in dissolution of most surfactants in water, leads to the formation of lipotropic liquid crystals rather than micelle solution. Lamellar phase shows sheets of surfactants arranged in bilayer form, whereas in hexagonal phase cylindrical units are packed in hexagonal fashion. Cubic phase consists of curved bio-continuous lipid bilayer extending in three dimensions, separating two congruent networks of water channels. These liquid crystals present an attractive appearance because of their, transparency and high viscosity, although in the beginning of its formation, a short range of less viscous compositions (so called liquid/gel compositions) appear in some cases. Addition of water leads to interaction between water and polar groups of the surfactant results in swelling of bilayers. When the concentration of solvent is increased above a limited value, the bilayer tends to form random spherical structures, i.e., multilamellar, multivesicular structures. When shaken with water i.e., the aqueous phase of water, complete hydration takes place leading to the formation of niosomes. The beauty of these proniosomes lies in their ability to rearrange as stable niosomal suspensions, on hydration with water.
Contributors:
“Removal of Nitrosamines, TAR and Carbonyl carcinogens from the mainstream of cigarette smoke with an aim of reducing toxicity of cigarette smoke by Activated Carbon-Zeolite & Amino Polymer cigarette filter”
Over 100 million deaths were caused by tobacco in the 20th century, over all Tobacco accounts for 1 in 10 deaths in universe. In India about 1 billion cigarettes smokes every day. Nearly 70% of these ten lakh deaths i.e. seven lakh people will die young. A report from “National Representative Case-Control Study of Smoking and Death-06” in India indicates that over 50% of the tobacco deaths will occur in illiterate men or women, with 80% of them residing in rural India. Cigarette Smoking not only contribute to tuberculosis, respiratory disease like COPD development, but also implicated as a major risk factor in many diseases such as pulmonary and cardiovascular pathophysiological conditions. The lungs are the target organ for most of the damage associated with cigarette smoking. As the lungs are primary organ expose to the cigarette smoke, thus cigarette smoking give rise to no. of disorders in respiratory system. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) mainly caused by tobacco smoking. In this present work we plan to control the effect of nicotine present in tobacco in the form of cigarettes mostly by “Removal of Nitrosamines, TAR and Carbonyl carcinogens from the mainstream of cigarette smoke with an aim of reducing toxicity of cigarette smoke by Activated Carbon-Zeolite & Amino Polymer cigarette filter” to treat different disease by different ways as: by removing of nitrosamines and tar from cigarette smoke. Determine the concentration of carcinogens in cigarette smoke after passing through CZC filter, synthesis of different product which reducing effect of nicotine/tobacco and introduce new cigarette filter and considering rethinking the warning “CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH”. Key words: Tobacco, cigarettes smokes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), carcinogens, Synthesis, CZC filter etc.
Contributors:
Emerging Drug Delivery Systems for Exemestane: Enhancing Therapeutic Outcomes in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a leading contributor of cancer-related death among women throughout the world. Exemestane (EXE), a third-generation irreversible aromatase inhibitor, is widely employed for the management of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although the clinical efficacy of EXE is well established, poor aqueous solubility, low oral bioavailability, short plasma half-life, and low permeability limit its therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the advancement of drug delivery technologies which can improve the pharmacokinetics profile, therapeutic efficacy, and tumor specific accumulation becomes important. In light of the above, the current review summarizes various formulation strategies of EXE including lipid-based nanoparticles, nanoemulsion, lipid nanocapsules, nanoparticles, liposomes, to name a few. However, polymeric mixed micelles are emerging as an effective nanocarrier system because they can improve drug solubilization, enhance cellular uptake, prolong systemic circulation, and facilitate passive tumor targeting. This review discusses the advantages and characterization techniques of polymeric micelles as a drug delivery system with special emphasis on methods of preparation, micellar architecture, and selection of polymers. Furthermore, the review explores polymeric micelles currently approved for clinical usage and undergoing clinical trials for an effective management of cancer. Additionally, incorporating micellar formulations into injectable hydrogels has gained popularity among the research community as it facilitates localised drug delivery and reduces the off target side effects thereby, improve the overall therapeutic efficacy. These advantages underscore the need for EXE encapsulated polymeric micelles integrated in situ hydrogel system to ensure sustained release and maintain therapeutic concentration of EXE to improve the breast cancer treatment. neena.pharma@gndu.ac.in
Contributors:
“THE SYNTHESIS A SERIES OF 2 – ANILINOPHENYLACETIC ACID DERIVATIVS FOR THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY”
The synthesis of a series of 2-anilinophenylacetic acids, close analogue of diclofenac, is synthesized and tested for their anti-microbial activity by disk diffusion method. Each 2-anilinophenylacetic acid derivative will be screened for their anti-microbial activity. Syntheses have been carried out following simple methodology in excellent isolated yields. It has been found that compounds AB11, AB12, AB14, AB21, AB24, AB25, AB32, AB34, AB35, AB44, AB45 and AB54 showed the good activity against both of strain comparable to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin was taken as standard at the same concentration whereas all the other compound has showed mild to moderate anti-microbial activity as compared to standard drug. The structure and purity of the original compounds were confirmed by Melting Point, IR, TLC and elemental analysis. Each 2-anilinophenylacetic acid derivative will be screened for their anti-microbial activity. These preliminary results indicate that some of compounds are exhibiting good activity. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------