Ahamada Safna Mariyam.M

Aim was to conduct a prospective observational study on Drug Utilization Evaluation of cephalosporins, to determine the frequency of usage of Cephalosporin and to study the indications for which cephalosporins were prescribed. A total of 250 patients were enrolled in the study, 200 from general medicine (n1) and 50 from general surgery (n2) department. Data were collected, by scrutinizing the inpatient case sheet from both departments, for a period of 6 months. Out of 250 patients’, majority of patients’ 58 (23.2%) belonged to age group of 31- 40 years. The average age of male and female patients’ were (41.37±16.13) and (44.69±16.14), (41.87±15.96) and (31.06±18.63) in general medicine and general surgery respectively. This study observed that cephalosporins were prescribed to 58 (29%) of patients with Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI). Out of 250 patients enrolled in the study from both the departments, 182 (72.8%) patients received only third generation cephalosporins, while the remaining received a combination of cephalosporin with a β-lactam inhibitor. The most prescribed drug in the general medicine department was ceftriaxone121 (60.1%).The average duration of use of Cephalosporin was 5 and 8.5 days in general medicine and general surgery departments respectively. Prescriber should follow the standard treatment guidelines for improving the Rational Use of Drugs and to prevent the development of resistance. The duration of use of cephalosporins is in partial compliance with the guidelines.

Lupus nephritis occurs about 30-40% of adult with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Focal and diffuse proliferative forms of lupus nephritis are known to progress to chronic renal failure unless treated by immunosuppressive drugs. Lupus nephritis remains a major cause of deaths among patients of Hispanic and African-American ethnicity. Generally renal involvement is more common in blacks, Indians and Chinese, with less prevalence Caucasians and Arabs. Cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids are considered to be the standard care for the patients with proliferative lupus nephritis. Intravenous Cyclophosphamide use is limited due to its potentially severe toxic effects. Here we report a case of Cyclophosphamide induced recurrent occurrence of Urinary Tract Infection and Pancytopenia in lupus nephritis patients and it was treated by using the Mycofenolate Mofetil and Prednisolone.