Application Of Solid Phase Micro-Extraction For The Analysis Of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residue: A Review

ABSTRACTIn the review, the focus has been laid on discussing various modes of solid phase microextraction for sample pre treatment and sample pre concentration of organophosphorus pesticide residue from the complex matrix they are embedded in. Wider availability of organophosphorus pesticide residue in environment pose a threat of toxicity, so quantification of the same becomes important. Sample preparation is one of the initial steps in any analytical procedure, which is quite exhaustive and hence leads to increase in error. So, over the years, the focus has been to minimize the burden on this step, thereby introducing many modifications in existing sample preparation techniques available, which are serially discussed. One such modification is miniaturization and automation of solid phase extraction, various developments of which so far has been discussed especially considering techniques employed for OPP residue extraction. Starting from stir bar sorptive extraction to newer techniques such as use of sol gel sorbents. Their deployment in sample pre concentration for extraction of organophosphorus pesticide residue; a comparison among the modes used, challenges and future trend in modification of solid phase micro extraction with emphasis on incorporating the usefulness to switch over to green analytical chemistry is discussed. Keywords: Organophosphorus pesticide (OPP), Solid phase extraction (SPE), Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), Dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE), Dispersive solid phase microextraction (d-µSPE), Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE).