Avinash

The restricted barrier properties of the upmost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC) impose significant limitations for eminent systemic delivery of a broad vary of therapeutic molecules, significantly macromolecules and genetic material. Microneedle delivery has been projected as a method to interrupt the SC barrier perform so as to facilitate effective transport of molecules across the skin. Microneedles are used for the dermal and transdermic delivery of a broad vary of medicine, like tiny relative molecular mass medication, oligonucleotides, DNA, peptides, proteins and inactivated viruses. This strategy involves the employment of metric linear unit sized needles fictitious from completely different materials and victimisation different geometries to make transient binary compound pores across the skin. Following a quick introduction regarding microneedles and its history, this review describes completely different fabrication ways for solid, coated, dissolving and hollow microneedles similarly as their applications and conjointly focuses on recent and potential future developments in microneedle technologies. this can embrace the particularization of progress created in microneedle style, a research of the challenges moon-faced during this field and potential forward methods to embrace the exploitation of microneedle methodologies, whereas considering the inherent safety aspects of such therapeutic tools. Finally, we have a tendency to offer our read on analysis and development that's required to render microneedles as novel dermal drug delivery technologies clinically helpful within the close to future.

Diarrhoea is the most common cause of death among children, mainly below 5 years of age. Increase in the frequency of defecation, fluidity of stools, and abnormal consistency of stools are the main indications of diarrhoea. It can be managed by rehydrating the children with ORT like ORS, continuing the feed, breast feeding up to particular age group. ORS helps mainly in reducing the frequency, fluidity, consistency of stools. Now-a-days conventional ORS was replaced with low osmolarity ORS, which has reduced the IV infusion and prolonged hospital stay. Zinc supplementation along with ORS reduces diarrhoeal deaths. Children should be fed with Nutritious food i:e foods containing high micronutrients like folic acid, zinc, vitamin A which helps in controlling and reducing diarrhoeal episodes. Factors like maintaining hygiene, supplying adequate pure and safe water, washing hands with soap, proper sanitation and immunization mainly for Rota virus and measles helps in preventing childhood diarrhoea. Prevention of stunting also plays a main role in preventing diarrhoeal episodes in children. Educating the mother about the disease helps in reducing episodes and preventing childhood deaths.

Chia seed (Salvia hispanica) is an ancient oilseed used by Mayas and Aztecs as foodstuff. This seed is a natural source of omega-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid), soluble and insoluble fibers, and proteins in addition to other important nutritional components, such as vitamins, minerals, and natural antioxidants. Chia can be considered as “functional food” because apart from contributing to human nutrition, chia helps to increase satiety index, prevent cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory and nervous system disorders, and diabetes, among others. Today, chia seed offers a huge potential in the industries of health, food, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals, among others, due to its functional components. However, the safety and efficacy of this medicinal food or natural product need to be validated by scientific research. In vivo and clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of chia seed are still limited.  This paper covers the up-to-date research on the identified active ingredients, in vivo and human trials on the health benefit of chia seed, and its current market potential.