Santhosh T.R

This article deals with cyclodextrin (CD) based functional rotaxanes and polyrotaxanes for drug delivery. First, we present an overview of polyrotaxane preparations for biomaterials applications. Then we bring to light the studies and strategies implied for augmented drug delivery using CD-based polyrotaxanes. The concept for enhancing multivalent interaction of a ligand-mobile polyrotaxane with receptor proteins; which is significantly related to receptor-mediated drug delivery and the efficiency of ligand-conjugated polyrotaxanes is also demonstrated in the design of inhibitors which are recognized by intestinal transporters in mammalian tissues but neither absorbed into the tissue nor exhibiting any toxicity. This concept is of more practical applications, the studies on cytocleavable polyrotaxanes for gene delivery is the modern therapy. The dynamic motion of polyrotaxanes would contribute significantly to forming a polyplex with DNA to be delivered into target cells. Moreover, dissociating the polyrotaxane structure in intracellular environments is an effective way to release DNA for transfection at the nucleus. Furthermore, polyrotaxanes are also useful in manifestation of Niemann-pick type C disease. In present article, efforts have been taken with the intention to get thorough information of polyrotaxanes conjugation with drug/ligands along with a comprehensive review of diverse approaches adopted for drug delivery till date.

Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation in one or more joints. Most common form of arthritis is osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in which joint pain is the major symptom. Management of arthritis can be done by reliefing pain using various classes of drugs. Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are commonly used for treatment. NSAIDs nowadays are combined with other drugs for the better therapeutic effects compared to NSAIDs alone. Management of arthritis can be made using various drug delivery systems like polymeric drug delivery system, controlled drug delivery system, sustained delivery using various routes like oral, nasal and topical route etc. This review suggests management of arthritis using polymeric drug delivery system. Polymeric drug delivery systems are based on the chain link of polymers, and liposomes, hydrogels, nano devices are some of the approaches. Polymeric systems used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and infections along with some other vaccines. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and diclofenac are used in the management and/or treatment of arthritis. This review also suggests the various drug candidates used to treat the arthritis.