Shabir Ahmad Bhat

ABSTRACTGlutamate is a neuro transmitter and is responsible for communication between cells. Under pathophysiological conditions its concentration is increased within the brain and results in glutamate toxicity. Increased glutamate in the brain can elicit damage and ultimately neuronal death. Glutamate toxicity is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis and head trauma. However, it should be noted here that the molecular mechanism behind the glutamate toxicity is not fully understood and is quiet complex. Reducing glutamate toxicity is considered to be the most essential strategy to combat various neurological disorders. In this review, we have summarized previous studies to understand the cellular effects associated with the glutamate toxicity Keywords: Glutamate toxicity, Neurological disorders, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Glutamate transporter-1

Main objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a Unani formulation in the management of Marz Akyas Khusyatur Rehm (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) and to provide the safe, economic and effective alternative therapy for the patients of Marz Akyas Khusyatur Rehm (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome). A randomized single blind, placebo controlled trial was carried out on 70 patients was at A&U Tibbia College and Hospital Karol Bagh New Delhi. After obtaining ethical clearance, 70 eligible patients was randomly assigned into test and control groups. Test group was administered with 6 gm of Unani formulation orally in the morning and same dose in the evening for three months while control group was given placebo for the same period of time as that of test drug. Written informed consent was sought from every subject before inclusion in the study. Present study was completed within a period of one year. Response was measured by the assessment of pictorial blood loss of assessment, acne, obesity, Hirsutism staging score (Ferrimans Gallewey Score), Acanthosis Nigrican grading, BMI, Serum LH, Serum FSH, LH/FSH ratio, Serum Testosterone and Serum Prolactin. Patient was called for follow up on every 15th day.  The result was statistically analyzed by applying ‘t’test, χ2 test and one way Annova. Test group showed strongly significant decrease in LH/FSH ratio (p