Heavy metals

Heavy metals levels in Pakistani branded herbal medicines used for cardiac and liver disorder were investigated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The collected samples were prepared for analysis by wet digestion method using nitric acid and per choleric acid. Five metals iron, lead, copper, manganese and zinc were analyzed. Iron has the highest concentration with a range of 91.25-10.00 ppm and Pb the lowest with values in the range 8.15-0.50 ppm in the herbal medicines used for heart disorder. Copper and zinc was found in the range of 18.35-1.40 ppm and Zn 49.20-8.65 ppm respectively whereas manganese was below detection limit. In herbal medicines used for liver disorder zinc has the highest concentration with a range of 70.20-15.60 ppm and Pb the lowest values in the range of 28.40-4.70 ppm. Iron and copper were found in the range of 59.20-11.90 ppm and 33.40-0.50 ppm respectively, where manganese was below detection limits. Results are comparable with the reported values in literature. The heavy metal levels were below toxic limits in all of the samples.

The objective of the research work was to determine the distributed level of Heavy metals like Copper (Cu), Zink (Zn). Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) in the month of January -February 2013 at Baran Dam F.R Bannu. The recorded level of the values of all heavy metals in head, abdomen and tail in Labeocalbasu were Cr>Fe>Cu>Zn>Pb, Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb, Cr>Fe>Cu>Zn>Pb, in Labeoboga were Zn>Cr>Fe >Pb>Cu, Cr>Zn>Cu>Fe>Pb,Fe>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb, in Notopterusnotopterus were Cr>Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb, Cu>Fe>Cr>Zn>Pb,Fe>Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb, in Mastacembelusarmtus were Fe>Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb,Cr>Cu>Fe>Zn>Pb, Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb  respectively. It indicate that Pb have the lowest concentration in all the organ of above except in head of Labeoboga fish species. Chromium was found unexpectedly in high amounts but its consumption limits were not set down yet in Labeocalbasu. The mean value for heavy metals were Zn (P