Pharmacology

ABSTRACTInfectious diseases caused 13.2 million deaths in 2023, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) contributing 1.3 million deaths annually and posing a $100 trillion economic threat by 2050. This review explores advancements in infectious diseases pharmacology, including AMR mechanisms, novel therapeutics, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), antimicrobial stewardship, genomic surveillance, artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery, global health policies, pandemic preparedness, vaccine development, One Health approaches, and clinical case studies. Innovations like cefiderocol, mRNA vaccines, bacteriophage therapies, and AI-driven drug design, supported by clinical trials, address resistant pathogens. Images of diseases like tuberculosis, Candida auris, and MRSA, integrated within relevant sections, enhance clinical understanding. Integrated strategies are vital to combat AMR and improve global health. Keywords: Infectious diseases, Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Pharmacology, Novel therapeutics, Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), Artificial intelligence (AI), Antimicrobial stewardship, Vaccine development, Genomic surveillance, One Health

ABSTRACTLantana camera is used traditionally in Indian system of medicines for various diseases. The present study is focused on natural products of plant origin with insecticidal properties for control of insect vectors. Aqueous, ethanol, methanol, extracts of Lantana camara were evaluated against larvae. Phytochemical screening of the leaves showed the presence of phytocompounds such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanin, quinines, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponin and steroids. The resistance to chemical insecticides among mosquito species has been considered as a setback in vector control. The present study is focused on natural products of plant origin with insecticidal properties for control of insect vectors. The methanolic leaf extract of this plant showed potent larvicidal efficacy and can be considered for further investigation. Objective: control and prevention of larvae for social health. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Lantana camara Linn, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology