Synthesis

The synthesis of a series of 2-anilinophenylacetic acids, close analogue of diclofenac, is synthesized and tested for their anti-microbial activity by disk diffusion method. Each 2-anilinophenylacetic acid derivative will be screened for their anti-microbial activity. Syntheses have been carried out following simple methodology in excellent isolated yields. It has been found that compounds AB11, AB12, AB14, AB21, AB24, AB25, AB32, AB34, AB35, AB44, AB45 and AB54 showed the good activity against both of strain comparable to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin was taken as standard at the same concentration whereas all the other compound has showed mild to moderate anti-microbial activity as compared to standard drug. The structure and purity of the original compounds were confirmed by Melting Point, IR, TLC and elemental analysis. Each 2-anilinophenylacetic acid derivative will be screened for their anti-microbial activity. These preliminary results indicate that some of compounds are exhibiting good activity. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Over 100 million deaths were caused by tobacco in the 20th century, over all Tobacco accounts for 1 in 10 deaths in universe. In India about 1 billion cigarettes smokes every day. Nearly 70% of these ten lakh deaths i.e. seven lakh people will die young. A report from “National Representative Case-Control Study of Smoking and Death-06” in India indicates that over 50% of the tobacco deaths will occur in illiterate men or women, with 80% of them residing in rural India. Cigarette Smoking not only contribute to tuberculosis, respiratory disease like COPD development, but also implicated as a major risk factor in many diseases such as pulmonary and cardiovascular pathophysiological conditions. The lungs are the target organ for most of the damage associated with cigarette smoking. As the lungs are primary organ expose to the cigarette smoke, thus cigarette smoking give rise to no. of disorders in respiratory system. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) mainly caused by tobacco smoking. In this present work we plan to control the effect of nicotine present in tobacco in the form of cigarettes mostly by “Removal of Nitrosamines, TAR and Carbonyl carcinogens from the mainstream of cigarette smoke with an aim of reducing toxicity of cigarette smoke by Activated Carbon-Zeolite & Amino Polymer cigarette filter” to treat different disease by different ways as: by removing of nitrosamines and tar from cigarette smoke. Determine the concentration of carcinogens in cigarette smoke after passing through CZC filter, synthesis of different product which reducing effect of nicotine/tobacco and introduce new cigarette filter and considering rethinking the warning “CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH”. Key words: Tobacco, cigarettes smokes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), carcinogens, Synthesis, CZC filter etc.

ABSTRACTThe substituted 4-(bromomethyl)-N-(4-ethyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl) benzamide derivatives 6a-k has been synthesis from reaction in between substituted 4-ethyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-amine and 4-(bromomethyl)benzoyl bromide 5 in presence of KOH. Type of aldol condensation reaction in between aldehydes and ketones to form ?,?-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds3 this compound has been reacted with guanidine in presence of dry alcohol to convert 4-ethyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-amine4.Chemical structures of all the new compounds were established by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, MS and elemental data. The compounds 6a-k were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria viz.  Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphaericus and Staphylococcus aureus, and three Gram-negative bacteria viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella aerogenes and Chromobacterium violaceum  and also evaluate their antifungal activity against Candida albicans (C.albicans)(ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigates(A.fumigatus) (HIC 6094), Trichophyton rubrum(T. rubrum) (IFO 9185), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes(T. mentagrophytes) (IFO 40996) Amongst them, compounds containing [3-hydrophenyl] moiety 6d, [3-chlorophenyl] moiety 6f and [4-nitrophenyl] moiety 6h showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity, almost equal/more than the activity of the standard drugs Streptomycin and Amphotericin-B. Further, the compounds 6a-k were also screened for Most of these new compounds showed appreciable activity against test bacteria and fungi and emerged as potential molecules for further development. Keywords: Synthesis,4-(bromomethyl)-N-(4-ethyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl) Benzamide, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity.  

Chalcones are commonly found in fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, stems and flowers. For centuries, preparations containing these compounds as the principal bioactive constituents have been used to treat human diseases. Increasingly, this class of natural products is becoming the subject of antimicrobial research, and many groups have isolated and identified the structures of chalcones. However, several high-quality investigations have examined the relationship between chalcone structure and antibacterial activity and these are in close agreement. In addition, numerous research groups have sought to elucidate the antibacterial mechanisms of action of selected chalcones. Hence a series of some new chalcones have been synthesized by condensation of 3-acetyl-thiophene with various aromatic aldehydes in 40% alkali. The synthesized compounds were identified by spectral data and screened for antimicrobial activity.  Some of these compounds showed moderate to considerable anti-microbial activity. Key words: Chalcone, Synthesis, antimicrobial activity.