causes

Incidents of anaphylaxis are on a rise globally, which calls for its immediate recognition and proper management. Till date, there have been a very few studies addressing the issue of etiology of anaphylaxis with varying age-groups in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to collect data about common causes of anaphylaxis and categorize them according to their prevalence in different age groups at a hospital in Jeddah.  Data was collected from emergency department staff of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, in the form of a questionnaire including queries about anaphylaxis based on most common causes, age group, symptoms and frequency of its occurrence in each age group. A total of 112 cases of anaphylaxis were reported; adults were the most common representing 33% of the studied population. Food allergy was the most prevalent trigger for anaphylaxis (42.8%) overall. The most common cause of anaphylaxis was food and drug allergy (45.45% and 40.9 %) in children aged 6-12 years and food allergy in pre-school kids (59.25%). No significant cause of anaphylaxis could be observed among teenagers. In infants, food allergy and insect bite were the most significant triggers of anaphylaxis (43.4% and 52.1%). Anaphylaxis due to latex was the least prevalent cause among all age groups. In Saudi Arabia, anaphylaxis mostly occurred among adults, drug allergy being most common cause. Food allergy was a common general trigger of anaphylaxis which also remained the most common cause in children along-with drug allergy, preschool kids and infants along-with insect bite.

Dental caries called as tooth decay is basically a disease in which bacterial processes changes carbohydrate to acid. This acid then dematerializes the hard tooth structure. They are produced when demineralization amount exceeds the remineralization amount. streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus are the bacteria responsible for the dental caries. This article throws light on the dental caries disease, its sign and symptoms, treatment, prevention and risk factors associated with it. A review of some patents on dental caries is also provided that summarizes the recent technical advancements taken place in this area.