characterization

Breast cancer is a leading contributor of cancer-related death among women throughout the world. Exemestane (EXE), a third-generation irreversible aromatase inhibitor, is widely employed for the management of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although the clinical efficacy of EXE is well established, poor aqueous solubility, low oral bioavailability, short plasma half-life, and low permeability limit its therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the advancement of drug delivery technologies which can improve the pharmacokinetics profile, therapeutic efficacy, and tumor specific accumulation becomes important. In light of the above, the current review summarizes various formulation strategies of EXE including lipid-based nanoparticles, nanoemulsion, lipid nanocapsules, nanoparticles, liposomes, to name a few. However, polymeric mixed micelles are emerging as an effective nanocarrier system because they can improve drug solubilization, enhance cellular uptake, prolong systemic circulation, and facilitate passive tumor targeting. This review discusses the advantages and characterization techniques of polymeric micelles as a drug delivery system with special emphasis on methods of preparation, micellar architecture, and selection of polymers. Furthermore, the review explores polymeric micelles currently approved for clinical usage and undergoing clinical trials for an effective management of cancer. Additionally, incorporating micellar formulations into injectable hydrogels has gained popularity among the research community as it facilitates localised drug delivery and reduces the off target side effects thereby, improve the overall therapeutic efficacy. These advantages underscore the need for EXE encapsulated polymeric micelles integrated in situ hydrogel system to ensure sustained release and maintain therapeutic concentration of EXE to improve the breast cancer treatment. neena.pharma@gndu.ac.in

Objective of the study was to synthesize gold nanoparticles using bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and study its antimicrobial property and DNA damage. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using powdered aqueous extract of bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Green synthesis method was used. It was done using two different concentrations of Chloroauric acid 2mM and 1mM. Characterization studies were done with the synthesized nanoparticles. They were also checked for its antibacterial and antifungal activity through microbiological techniques. Also the plant extract and solution containing were tested for DNA damage through Agarose gel electrophoresis. Cinnamomum zeylanicum supported the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Characterization studies like FTIR, UV – VIS spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD were carried out. GNPs in the range of 35 – 80nm were obtained. The antibacterial and antifungal study showed clear zones of inhibition of microbial growth. The image projected through UV – Transilluminator proves that there is no DNA damage. The results indicate that Cinnamomum zeylanicum is a good support plant for synthesis of gold nanoparticles and also the biologically synthesized GNPs has antimicrobial activity and also it is safe since it does not damage DNA.