depression

ABSTRACTThe third leading cause of death is stroke, mainly occurred in patients with 50 years or more and it is described as a sudden loss of blood flow to the brain that leads to irreversible tissue damage caused by thrombotic, embolic, or hemorrhagic events. While stroke related psychiatric complications have been recognized for over a century, they have never received the same degree of attention as post stroke motor deficits, language difficulties, or intellectual disturbances. Some of these stroke clinical complications, such as depression and whereas anxiety or emotional liability are other complications. Depression after stroke is associated with a lower quality of life and also with a higher risk of dying. After a stroke, approximately one third of patients experience depression. It’s important to correctly test for and diagnosis post stroke depression, as well as determine the seriousness of the disease. PSD is related to a variety of stroke risk factors and it can be fatal if left untreated. There is good evidence that early initiation of antidepressant treatment is associated with a decreased risk of developing and successful prevention of PSD in non depressed stroke patients. PSD requires special care, and consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of PSD should be achieved. Keywords: Antidepressant, depression, Post stroke depression, Stroke

The main purpose of this paper is to shed the light on the available data on depression among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Levant and Gulf countries, as well as get better understanding on the prevalence of the co-occurrence of this double whammy and find out what other sociodemographic factors that might affect the co-occurrence. Electronic databases CINAHL, Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Medline with Full Text were searched for English language articles in peer-reviewed journals between 2005 and 2014. A total of 11 studies exploring diabetes among patients with diabetes were selected, in order to review evidence on recent research in Gulf as well as Levant countries.  Nine of the reviewed articles reported high rates of co-morbidity of depression and diabetes. Moreover, diabetic women experience a higher prevalence of depression than men. Additionally, Poor glycemic control (Hb A1c) is linked with increased depressive symptoms. Also being on insulin regimen had shown to be associated with depression among patient with diabetes. Current research suggested that the risk of developing depression is increased in people with diabetes; however, further studies in the Gulf and Levant countries are required in order to establish the nature of the relationship between depression, glycemic control and the development of diabetes complications, then to make appropriate recommendations for treatment and to support management of diabetes.