epidemiology

Arterial Hypertension (AH) is considered as a public health problem due to its high prevalence and difficult control and it’s also described as one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AH, as well as characteristics related to the presence of its inherited aspect among individuals aging between 24 and 70 years from the urban region of Dakar. Transversal study from January 2010 to January 2011, population-based study, of 620 participants with random sampling. For classification of AH, criteria included blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 mmHg or current use of antihypertensive drugs. Individuals were interviewed with standardized questionnaires previously tested. Arterial Hypertension has a prevalence of 51.6 % in this sample of Senegalese population in Dakar, which is composed of 620 individuals. Among hypertensive individuals (n= 320), mean age was 50.6 years, 73.33% was female hypertensive, 31.25% male hypertensive and  62.5% with a family history of Arterial Hypertension, among them : 46% with a maternal family history (FH), 31% with a fraternal FH, 20% with a paternal FH and 4% with a dead fraternal FH, 41% had a family history of cardiovascular disease where those with a stroke family history : 36.58% had a maternal FH, 12.19% with a paternal FH and 7.31% with a fraternal FH, 13.41% with a dead fraternal FH. This study showed that AH represents an important public health problem with its high prevalence within this population.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death accounting for 30% of all cancer-related deaths. The majority of lung cancer cases (80–90%) are due to smoking. Tobacco smoke and other environmental pollutants have been recognized as risk factors for more than 80–90% of cancer incidence in men. It has been reported that DNA methylation play important role in lung carcinogenesis . Several biomarkers from various sources such as genetics, proteomics, and epigenetic approaches are in use for clinical research purposes. DNA methylation analysis is one of the valuable source for cancer biomarkers. Since current diagnostic tools are either too costly or not sensitive enough to allow for early detection. Hence there is an urgent need of major technological advances in molecular oncology for the early detection of disease because early detection of lung cancer can change the outcome of disease.  This review summarizes current therapeutic knowledge in lung cancer, and recent advances in therapeutic strategies.