Anuradha

Cyclodextrins are non-toxic cyclic polysaccharides. They form inclusion complexes with numerous organic molecules. The physical and chemical properties of the guest molecules change due to complex formation. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are chemically cyclic oligosaccharides which have been recognized as useful pharmaceutical excipients. Cyclodextrins are versatile pharmaceutical excipients used to enhance the solubility, stability, safety and bioavailability of drug. Besides, being used to reduce gastrointestinal drug irritation, convert liquid drug into microcrystalline or amorphous powder, and prevent drug-drug and drug-excipients interactions. The solubility of slightly soluble molecules may be increased by cyclodextrin inclusion complex. As a result of molecular complexation phenomena cyclodextrins are widely used in many industrial products, technologies and analytical methods.

Secretary component proteins (SP1) is highly conserved in Salmonella Typhi outer membrane, it modulate host pathogen interaction that is highly conserved in bacterial outer membrane. The molecular mechanism of pathogenicity is complex and these proteins have a wide range of biological functions from host cell toxicity production and block different signaling pathways. Furthermore, our study is to identify molecular characteristic of SP1 component signaling molecules interplay pathogenicity, molecular interactions, sequence assembly and structural organization and drug binding interactions need to understand. Using Computational drug discovery methods to understand the disease targeted virulence factors in SP1 protein should provide new insight into the new evolution of bacterial pathogenesis which could lead to the development of novel therapeutic drug molecules. Here, we report SP-1 component SopE2, SipA, SopA and SopB proteins in disease pathogenesis and reported the antibacterial drugs that inhibit the disease progression and used as a potential drugs.

Diarrhoea is the most common cause of death among children, mainly below 5 years of age. Increase in the frequency of defecation, fluidity of stools, and abnormal consistency of stools are the main indications of diarrhoea. It can be managed by rehydrating the children with ORT like ORS, continuing the feed, breast feeding up to particular age group. ORS helps mainly in reducing the frequency, fluidity, consistency of stools. Now-a-days conventional ORS was replaced with low osmolarity ORS, which has reduced the IV infusion and prolonged hospital stay. Zinc supplementation along with ORS reduces diarrhoeal deaths. Children should be fed with Nutritious food i:e foods containing high micronutrients like folic acid, zinc, vitamin A which helps in controlling and reducing diarrhoeal episodes. Factors like maintaining hygiene, supplying adequate pure and safe water, washing hands with soap, proper sanitation and immunization mainly for Rota virus and measles helps in preventing childhood diarrhoea. Prevention of stunting also plays a main role in preventing diarrhoeal episodes in children. Educating the mother about the disease helps in reducing episodes and preventing childhood deaths.

The objective of the study of antipyretic effect of ethanolic extract of flowers of Artabotrys hexapetallus tested on yeast induced pyrexia in albino rats. The flower extract at oral doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg has been used to investigate the antipyretic potential of flowers extract. At a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight showed significant reduction in body temperature on yeast induced pyrexia when compared to standard drug Paracetamol (200 mg/ml).

Vibrio cholerae has been recognised as one of the common causes of bacterial diarrhoea throughout developing world. Cholera is a self-limiting illness. However it is changing epidemiologically. In recent cholera outbreaks from various places, severity of the disease appears to be intensifying and have run a more protracted course. Multiple antibiotic resistant strains of V. cholerae have emerged. The emergence of these has added a new dimension to the variability in pathogenicity and potential virulence in precipitating diarrhoeal illness. To isolate and identify Vibrio cholerae from stool specimens and to know their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Faecal specimens collected from 240 patients with acute diarrhoeal disease were subjected to culture & sensitivity as per standard protocol. Vibrio cholerae was isolated from 72/240 (30%) stool samples. All isolates belonged to biotype El Tor. Serotype Ogawa was seen in 66(91.67%) and Hikojima 6(8.33%). Resistance pattern of Ogawa was nalidixic acid (100%), co-trimoxazole(97%), Ampicillin(79%), tetracycline(29%), ciprofloxacin(25%), gentamycin(18%). Resistant pattern of Hikojima was nalidixic acid (100%), co-trimoxazole(100%), Ampicillin & ciprofloxacin(67%), gentamycin(33%), tetracycline(16%). All isolates were sensitive to Amikacin. Tetracycline is still an effective drug. Hikojima serotype was more resistant than Ogawa so susceptibility pattern for vibrio is essential to avoid emergence of resistant strains by empirical treatment.