Md Tanwir Alam

Neck pain become a public health problem, its accelerating prevalence and  devastating side effect is exerting substantial load on national’s wealth; because its impact is more on productive population (adult working age people). Although it was a hospital based observational study; done for the intervention purpose. But here in this paper we are just mentioning its cross sectional perspective. Hence this study was carried out on patients attended NIUM hospital with a complaint of Neck pain. After getting ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) patients were included in study. This study stretched from January 2011 to May 2011. A total 50 patients were admitted in the study; age group ranging from 20 to 59 years. In present study sample, patients from 20 years to 59 years were included and the 50 patients were distributed according to age with a class interval of 10 into four groups i.e., 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59. Patients diagnosed with neck pain were included into the study. Maximum prevalence of neck pain was found in age group 30-39 years followed by 20-29, 40-49 and 50-59 years age group. Although it was a less sample study, but it shows prevalence of neck pain is more in younger age peoples (3rd to 4th decade of life); which is a new shift in prevalence of neck pain bearing with age.

Historical evidences prove that the success and failure of civilization depends upon its distance from the water resources. Those which lies near the rivers and sea cost flourishes well. Examples are Mesopotamian civilization (Euphrates & Nile river), Indian valley civilization (river Ganga) etc. Right from the human evolution better say evolution of life, water is the primary and vital need for the existence of life. As the civilization advances, the thrust to get the pure water become more vigorous. Water is necessary for many house hold purposes like agriculture, food production, drinking, washing and preparing many household items and many more. We use streams, rivers, ponds as well as ground water reservoirs as source of water. But these sources aren’t always clean. Since ancient times, the need of pure water resulted in the development of water purification methods. Initially they didn’t know the microbes, but the visual impurities. So mainly they used to purify the water from visual pollutants. Various plants like Amla and Khus etc., were used to purify the water. Here in this paper authors describe the different methods of purification of water mentioned in ancient unani literature in addition with methods to neutralize the ill effect of contaminated water if consumed.

While there is much debate on how to treat neck pain either acute or chronic, the prevalence of it is increasing day by day. Various treatment modalities are being tried/used these days to counter this challenging situation. Allopathic drug therapies, other non invasive techniques’, invasion and surgical procedures and a long list of analgesic, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory and muscle relaxant drugs are being prescribed despite of there limited response. Because of the limited and slow response to allopathic medicine, mass are turning to alternative therapies. Research into the mechanisms, side effect profiles, and efficacies of these, alternative therapies has increased in recent years; much more still remains unknown and untested. Herein, we review the literature on allopathic as well as complementary and alternative medicine for pain, with particular emphasis on evidence-based assessments pertinent to the most common alternative therapies, including acupuncture, herbal therapy, massage therapy, hypnosis, tai chi and biofeedback etc.

Ever since the dawn of history, women and men have wanted to be able to decide when and whether to have a child, thus contraceptives were used in one form or another for thousands of years throughout human history and even prehistory. In fact, family planning has always been widely practiced intentionally or unintentionally, even in societies dominated by social, political or religious codes that require people to ‘be fruitful and multiply.’ Although, the concept of family planning emerges in early 8th decade of 20th century (1971) when the world’s gross population surpass 3 billion with accelerating growth rate, but the use of contraception dated back to almost 4000 years. Here in this article authors try their best to collect the literature in the support of use of contraceptive methods and agents throughout the history.