insulin resistance

Diabetic Milletus(DM).is the most frequent endogenous cause of fat metabolism- disorder. Therefore, the study aims to monitor the lipid profile  in  DM type 2 patients controlled and uncontrolled in Sana’a , Yemen. The study included 150 subjects from major public hospitals in Sana'a city, Yemen. 50 were diagnosed with DM type 2 controlled as group I and 50 were diagnosed with DM type 2 uncontrolled as group II. 50 subjects were healthy volunteers as control group. The biochemical parameters namely Fasting Blood Sugar (FBG) , and Glycelated Hemoglobin (HBA1c) were assayed in three groups. Data obtained were analyzed using suitable statistical tools. The lipid profile namely total cholesterol  mg/dl , triglyceride mg/dl HDL mg/dl, and LDL mg/ were assayed in DM type 2   controlled and uncontrolled and compared with control healthy group. The results were  described namely (166 ± 31 mg/dl ; 196 ± 50 ; 131 ± 28 ) , (146± 60 mg/dl ; 193 ± 94 ; 92 ± 30 ) , (37± 8.2 mg/dl , 36 ± 14, 42 ± 12 ), and (80 ± 25 mg/dl , 95 ± 30 , 76 ± 25) respectively.   According to above results , non different significant (p > 0.05) in all parameters of lipid profile was observed between DM  type 2  controlled and uncontrolled groups . while the results were observed different significant (p < 0.05) in serum levels of total cholesterol , triglyceride and LDL between controlled and healthy group and also non - different significant (p > 0.05) in serum levels of HDL between both . In addition, different significant (p > 0.05) in all parameters of lipid profile was observed between uncontrolled and control healthy groups .The study outcome concluded  that the hyperlipidemia may progressive in DM type 2 patients uncontrolled.

Production of free radicals is a normal metabolic process which if uncontrolled can result in metabolic disturbances such as hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. The management of metabolic syndrome as well as  type II diabetes, therefore should take into account the existence of these conditions: free radical production, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Irvingia wombolu (IW) has been previously shown to have antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. This study was conducted to establish the preventive effect of the aqueous pulp extracts (APE) and hydroethanolic peel extracts (HPE) of IW on a high fat-high fructose (HFHF) diet induced insulin resistance in rats. Chemical analysis and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were determined. The animals were divided randomly into four groups of five rats each; the control group (C), those receiving only HFHF diet; rats receiving HFHF diet + APE and the group receiving HFHF + HPE. After an experimentation period that lasted six weeks, fasting blood glucose levels, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations, body and liver weight were measured. A protective effect of extracts during induction of insulin resistance by diet was notified by less increase of: fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides, post-prandial glycaemic peak.  Antioxidant status measured by FRAP antioxidant capacity; SOD, catalase, reduced glutathione and the level of reduced protein groups were also ameliorated. These results suggest that early APE and HPE administration to HFHF fed rats could prevent diabetes complications and modulate insulin resistance.