Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A descriptive cross sectional survey was done in tertiary care hospital of Islamabad. The objective of the survey was to assess patients’ knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus (DM), its risk factors, complications, and of management among age range of 18 to 40 years. Our Research was done on relatively younger patients of diabetes. This study was completed on 145 patients (83 males and 63 females), by employing convenience sampling in the outpatient department of Pakistan institute of medical science hospital (PIMS). The structured questionnaire was used to complete the data collection process. Out of 145 participants, (57.2%) were males and (42.8%) were females. Average age of the participants was (34.65) with SD +4.971. Most of the patients were having income less than 10000 PKR (40.6%) per month. The majority of the participants (69%) were not aware about the type of diabetes they have. More than half of the patients identified lifestyle & diet modifications (64.8%) along with glucose level control (65.5%) as most important risk factors for developing complications. The knowledge of diabetes was significantly associated with the educational level and parental history of DM with p-value (0.002) and (0.017) respectively. The other factors gender, age, and income were not statistically associated with knowledge regarding management of diabetes. The patients in Pakistan having diabetes mellitus (DM) had satisfactory level of knowledge in some aspects of the disease. But, overall knowledge related to all aspects of diabetes mellitus (DM) was not up to the mark. The patients need education related to their disease and management.

To evaluate the liver and kidney function status of Type ll Diabetic patients. In the present research work on type II diabetes mellitus, various biochemical parameters have been analyzed in a systematic manner. Blood samples were collected from Sun and Apollo laboratory in Coimbatore. About thirty type ll diabetic patients (age : 40 – 70, 15 males and 15 females) and thirty normal individuals (age 30 – 50, 17 males and 13 females) were selected. Among with elevated blood sugar level, serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and protein were also significantly increased. Significantly increased levels of AST and ALT were observed in diabetic, when compared to normal control. The present study suggests that an elevation of blood glucose level might precede the development of liver diseases and renal problems in patients with type ll diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, the hyperglycemic patients were also observed the elevated levels of liver function enzymes and blood metabolites like urea, creatinine and uric acid.