hyperglycemia

ABSTRACTHyperglycemia and its complications represent a major public health problem, and are associated with a high mortality rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Cola anomala nut on hyperglycemia and some associated complications. The effect of the extract on postprandial hyperglycemia was evaluated in normoglycemic rats using the oral glucose tolerance test. Subsequently, the effect of the extract on fasting blood glucose was evaluated in an animal model of hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin. The extract at both doses (200 and 400 mg/kg.bw (mg/kg. bodyweight)) caused a significant reduction (P= 0.003) of postprandial hyperglycemia with percentages of variations of -4.5% and -14.4% against that of glibenclamide (-30.6%). The extract significantly lowered fasting blood glucose with variations of -68.09% and -65.98% respectively compared to Glibenclamide (-64.7%). There was an increase in superoxide dismutases and catalase activities at the renal level and a decrease in plasma and hepatic malondealdehyde and nitric oxide levels with the extract at different doses. The extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg.BW showed an improvement of the globular filtration as plasma creatinine concentrations were found to be decreased, as well as a hepatoprotective effect through the significant reduction of plasma aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Cola anomala nut has a beneficial effect on the control of hyperglycemia and in the prevention of oxidative stress which is strongly involved in the development of microvascular complications of diabetes. Keywords: Cola anomala, hyperglycemia, microvascular complications.

Diabetic neuropathy has been reported as the most common complication of Diabetes mellitus. The antiepileptic agents along with the neurotrophic agents have been widely used for diabetic neuropathy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the mostly prescribing Pregabalin and Gabapentin with methylcobalamin. It was a prospective study including 200 patients considering 100 in each group. The primary outcome measure was the neuropathic pain scale. Secondary measure included the RAND36 measuring quality of life. Among the total cases collected, females were the highly affected population and patients under the age group of 60-69 years were highly prevalent. The majority of the patients had numbness and aching type of pain distributed in the lower extremities involving foot, toes,hip, leg etc. Hyperglycemia was considered as the major cause of DN. For the primary outcome variable, change in the NPS score was considered. The mean pain score at baseline was almost similar between treatment groups. Among both groups pain score was reduced at the end of the study indicating the pain relieving effect of both therapy. The change in QoL from baseline to the final week was measured in the RAND36 questionnaire. Significant improvement in QoL was reported in both treatment groups. The difference in this improvement among both groups shows a discrepancy. It may be due to the adverse reactions of the therapy. These discrepancies leave us with an equivocal result with regard to the efficacy of treatment groups in improving the QoL.

To evaluate the liver and kidney function status of Type ll Diabetic patients. In the present research work on type II diabetes mellitus, various biochemical parameters have been analyzed in a systematic manner. Blood samples were collected from Sun and Apollo laboratory in Coimbatore. About thirty type ll diabetic patients (age : 40 – 70, 15 males and 15 females) and thirty normal individuals (age 30 – 50, 17 males and 13 females) were selected. Among with elevated blood sugar level, serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and protein were also significantly increased. Significantly increased levels of AST and ALT were observed in diabetic, when compared to normal control. The present study suggests that an elevation of blood glucose level might precede the development of liver diseases and renal problems in patients with type ll diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, the hyperglycemic patients were also observed the elevated levels of liver function enzymes and blood metabolites like urea, creatinine and uric acid.