HIV

Immunity is the protective response of our body to the antigen. The traditional Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda) describes different methods involved in the prevention and treatment of disease which are consequence of diet, life style and drugs as cornerstones of therapy. Herbal products are known to modify different aspects of human physiology and exert an alleviating influence on several patho-physiological states including modulation of immune system. In recent years, studies on evaluation of the therapeutic and toxic activity of herbal medicinal products became available and popular. Several herbs have proven immuno-modulating effects in severe conditions like HIV. Present review summarizes different data with respect to herbal immuno-modulators in various disease conditions.

TB is a disease with a very long history and one which has sprung up again and been affecting various countries. Among the factors responsible for this resurgence, HIV should be mentioned. HIV has been regarded as responsible for changing the characteristics of TB, such as its epidemiology, natural history, clinical presentation, and resistance to drugs. The manifestations of TB in cervico-cephalic regions are frequent and have aroused interest. TB may present in Ear, Nose, Larynx, Pharynx Also in neck any part of the body.

This study describes the demographic status of HIV-infected people in Pakistan. The major risks factors involve in the spread HIV infection among the population of Pakistan are discussed. The overall prevalence of HIV has been observed to be getting higher as compared to the prevalence of early years. Use of population-based surveillance data provided a glimpse of need to spread the knowledge of HIV safety programs among each and every individual of Pakistan. Our findings emphasize the importance of targeting HIV testing and prevention efforts to populations at risk of HIV.

The aim of the work is to assess the socio- demographic and clinical profile of HIV/AIDS patients at antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre. The study was carried out District hospital Palakkad, Kerala, India from January to July 2014. Two hundred and sixty one HIV positive patients coming to ART centre were included in the study. A preformed questionnaire was made which included socio-demographic characteristics like age, sex, literacy status, marital status, occupation and clinical presentation. The male (49.8%) and female (50.1%) patients were almost equal in number. More number of patients was between the age group of 28-37 years constituting about 40.2%. Majority of the population was married (63.6%) and of their family members were infected (48.2%). The literacy level of most of the patients were only up to secondary school(47.1%).The most predominant route of transmission was heterosexual (81.2%). Most of the affected population was from the reproductive age group i.e., 28- 47 years which increases the economic burden and affects the overall development of the family, community and country. The education status and lack awareness about the disease is also associated with the spread of HIV infection, so health education regarding the prevention of HIV can be given with the help of video, charts and posters. Timely initiation and continuous antiretroviral therapy helps to prolong the survival, prevent opportunistic infections and also prevent the transmission of disease.