Tuberculosis

ABSTRACTTuberculosis is one among the serious public health challenge worldwide. Among broad range of drugs that are known to induce liver damage, hepatotoxic side effects are serious challenges in patients receiving Anti-TB medications.  First line agents that are used for treating this condition induce various adverse effects including liver injury, skin reactions, and gastrointestinal reactions. However in addition to individual risk factors like age, gender and  hypo albunemia, use of anti tubercular drugs in combination enhances the degree of toxicity as each drug possess varying degree of liver toxicity. Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common and serious adverse reaction caused due to the use of ATT regimen that needs vigilant monitoring in preventing fatal complications. Here we present a case of hepato toxicity induced by use of ATT (Rifampicin 450 mg, Isoniazid 75 mg, Pyrazinamide 400 mg and Ethambutol 275 mg OD) for a period of one month later on which she experienced drug hypersensitivity reactions and altered liver function tests. The suspected ADR was probable ADR (Naranjo’s scale). Offending drug regimen was stopped and second line agents (SLE regimen) along with supportive care were given. Hence it is often essential that clinicians regularly evaluate patients for these conditions to prevent their emergence and progression.Keywords: ATT (anti tubercular therapy), DILI (drug induced liver injury), Hepato toxicity, Tuberculosis, SLE (streptomycin, Levofloxacin, Ethambutol)     

ABSTRACTTuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is highly infectious and opportunistic disease. The synthetic drugs for anti-tuberculosis effect have been prescribed for symptomatic control of disease but produce much adverse effect. Naturally obtaining medicinal plants are incomparable resources of Siddha. From thousands of years, medicinal plants provide a great hope to curing diseases. This review spotlights the effort on anti-tubercular plants, which are various source of literature. This paper provides the plant description, chemical constituents, evidence based pharmacological activity. This will motivate and provide a way for further researches on medicinal plants, possess potent anti- tuberculosis activity. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Anti-tubercular activity, Medicinal plants, Siddha.

TB is a disease with a very long history and one which has sprung up again and been affecting various countries. Among the factors responsible for this resurgence, HIV should be mentioned. HIV has been regarded as responsible for changing the characteristics of TB, such as its epidemiology, natural history, clinical presentation, and resistance to drugs. The manifestations of TB in cervico-cephalic regions are frequent and have aroused interest. TB may present in Ear, Nose, Larynx, Pharynx Also in neck any part of the body.

After the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from a single infectious agent the Tuberculosis (TB) is a second leading cause of death 1. The highest absolute number of TB cases occurred in Twenty-two high-burden countries (HBCs) account for 81% of all TB around the world. Currently about one-third population of the world are carriers of TB. In each year an average 9 million people are infected with active TB disease. World Health Organization (WHO) declares the TB in 1993, a global health emergency by. In 1996, approximately 3 million persons die from the TB 2. In 2008, 9.2 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths from TB (of which 0.7 million cases with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 0.2 million deaths were in HIV positive patient) were recorded 3. In 2008, worldwide approximately 440,000 cases of MDR-TB were reported 4. While, in 2009, 9.4 million new cases of TB along with 1.7 million deaths were occurred. In 2010 an estimated 12 million people were living with active TB.