Escherichia coli

The ethanolic extract showed higher inhibition against the pathogens, especially Escherichia coli (1.56 mg/mL). Among the two solvents extracts, the ethanolic extract showed comparatively stronger antimicrobial activity than the aqueous extract, suggesting that ethanol was more effective in extracting the active phytochemicals responsible for bacterial inhibition. The extracts were particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), while moderate activity was observed against the Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). However, further investigations needed to be conducted to validate the biological ingredients and test these Straditional medicinal plants’ safety, efficacy, toxicity, and clinical evaluation.

The rhizome of Bergenia ligulata, belonging to the family Saxifragaceae was screened for its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Salmonella typhii using agar well diffusion method. Methanol extract exhibited larger inhibition zone 21mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae as compared to Salmonella typhii and Escherichia coli. Ethanol extract showed larger inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhii. Acetone extract showed larger inhibition of 24mm zone against Escherichia coli as compared to Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Water extract showed largest inhibition zone of 25mm against Staphyloccus aureus as compared to Salmonella typhii, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The presence of phytochemicals like Saponins, Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Quinones, Carbohydrates, steroids and alkaloids supports its use as medicinal plant for the treatment of various ailments.