Niosomes

ABSTRACTNanotechnology is the advancing technology which is based on the study of manipulating the matter on a Nano scale range, and it refers to the constructing and engineering of the functional systems at atomic level. Nanotechnology lead to the development of various types of novel drug delivery systems like liposomes, microparticles, niosomes and proniosomes. Liposomes and niosomes has some demerits like leaking, fusion, aggregation, distribution, transportation and storage. To overcome the demerits of both liposomes and niosomes, proniosomes are developed with enhanced physical stability during storage and transport as they are dry formulation of water soluble carrier encoated with the surfactant and drug encapsulated in the proniosomal vesicles, which helps in prolongation of duration of retention of drug in systemic circulation and by reaching the target tissue shows its action which results in reduced toxicity. This review mainly focusses on demerits of liposomes and niosomes, methods of preparation, characterization and applications of Proniosomes. Keywords: Liposomes, Niosomes, Proniosomes, Stability, Surfactant, Cholesterol, Characterization, Applications.

ABSTRACTErythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits; binding inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. Erythromycin may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the organism and drug concentration. The drugs in the form of topical gels avoid gastro-intestinal irritation, to overcome first pass effect and to maximize the drug concentration at the site of action. The main objective of the study is to formulate and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of erythromycin formulation for effective topical delivery of the drug. The antimicrobial activity of the erythromycin loaded gel is carried by cup-plate method and the zone of inhibition was noted. The current analysis demonstrates persistence release of drug, an increase in amount of drug maintenance into skin and enhanced permeation across the skin after entrapment of Erythromycin into niosomal topical gel. Keywords: Niosomes, Erythromycin, Antimicrobial activity, topical delivery, cup-plate method, Niosomal Gel and Skin Retention.

The exploitation of the various approaches in the pharmaceutical field to develop a therapeutically efficient drug delivery system has lead to the exploration of niosomes as a suitable novel drug delivery system. Niosomes are vesicular systems made up of non-ionic surfactants with or without cholesterol and a charge inducing agent. Niosomes are similar to liposomes in vivo. Niosomes offer the advantages of having good stability, minimized toxicity, minimized side effects and are also economically feasible. In the present study, the various aspects on niosomal drug delivery system like the composition, methods of preparation, characterization, free drug removal, evaluation methods and applications in pharmaceutical field are explored. Niosomal formulations have been extensively studied and has showed enhanced therapeutic activity in the administration of drugs, hormones, markers and vaccines intended for systemic, topical, transdermal, ocular and targeted drug delivery. Considerable proven research in this efficient drug delivery system offers a pronounced scope for enhanced research with more drugs for targeted and site-specific drug delivery.