FTIR

INTRODUCTION: Proniosomal gels are generally present in transparent, translucent or white semisolid gel texture, which makes them physically stable during storage and transport. Due to the limited solvent system present, the proniosomes formed were the mixture of many phases of liquid crystal, viz. lamellar, hexagonal and cubic phase liquid crystals as given in dissolution of most surfactants in water, leads to the formation of lipotropic liquid crystals rather than micelle solution. Lamellar phase shows sheets of surfactants arranged in bilayer form, whereas in hexagonal phase cylindrical units are packed in hexagonal fashion. Cubic phase consists of curved bio-continuous lipid bilayer extending in three dimensions, separating two congruent networks of water channels. These liquid crystals present an attractive appearance because of their, transparency and high viscosity, although in the beginning of its formation, a short range of less viscous compositions (so called liquid/gel compositions) appear in some cases. Addition of water leads to interaction between water and polar groups of the surfactant results in swelling of bilayers. When the concentration of solvent is increased above a limited value, the bilayer tends to form random spherical structures, i.e., multilamellar, multivesicular structures. When shaken with water i.e., the aqueous phase of water, complete hydration takes place leading to the formation of niosomes. The beauty of these proniosomes lies in their ability to rearrange as stable niosomal suspensions, on hydration with water.

ABSTRACTSpinacia oleracea is a green leafy vegetable widely consumed for its nutritional value. The present research work is focused on spinacia oleracea seed extract for evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anxiolytic activities. Spinach leaves antioxidant properties are well documented but the bioactive potential of seeds remains unexplored. Hence this research work aims to explore the antioxidant and anxiolytic effects of Spinacia oleracea seed extract using standard in vitro and in vivo methods. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the spinacia oleracea seed extract at dose of 50,100,300 and 500µg/ml were assayed using hydroxyl radical scavenging, nitric oxide, and DPPH radical scavenging assay and results are compared with standard reference drug Gallic acid at concentration 2.5µg/ml. In behavioral studies, spinacia oleracea seed extract at dose of 75mg/kg and 150mg/kg was tested on albino mice subjected to standard behavioral paradigms such as elevated plus maze, open field test, hole board test, and y-maze. The results of these effects were compared to standard anxiolytic drug diazepam. The results obtained were encouraging and indicated significant antioxidant and anxiolytic effect. The FTIR studies revealed that the seed extract was rich in phenolic compounds known for its antioxidant property.Keywords: Spinacia oleracea; antioxidant; DPPH; anxiolytic; elevated plus maze; FTIR  

ABSTRACTThe main aim of the study was to design Perphenazine solid lipid nanoparticles and to evaluate them. The Perphenazine solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by the hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication method by using the different lipids (Tristearin, GMS, Compritol) Soya lecithin as stabilizer and Tween-80 used as surfactant. The FTIR test is conducted as the preliminary test, by this test there was no interaction between the drug and lipids. Then nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release. The particle size ranged from 53.46 to 518.6 d.nm, PDI ranged from 0.284 to 0.502, zeta potential from -9.83 to -40.96 mV and entrapment efficiency was ranged from 77.45 to 95.38%.The cumulative percentage release from all SLNs varied from 53.35 to 88.74 % after 24hours depending upon the drug and lipid ratio and F2 formulation showed highest drug release i.e., 88.74%. The release kinetic studies showed that the release first order diffusion controlled and the n value (0.47) from the Korsmeyer-Peppa’s model indicated the release mechanism was Quasi-fickian type. Keywords: Perphenazine, Solid lipid nanoparticles, FTIR, in-vitro drug release.

Standardization and quality control are essential analytical tools to guarantee the correct identifications of drugs. Adulteration and misidentification of herbal drug can cause dreadful health problems to the public and legal headaches for the pharmaceutical industry. The VPM was prepared according to the Siddha classical literature to treat the anti-dyslipidemic activity. The present study was carried out with specific aim to establish standards for Vaeppampoovathy Mathirai based on organoleptic characters, physico-chemical properties (The total -ash value 9.5%, Acid insoluble ash 1.7%, Water soluble ash 2.8% and the loss on drying at 1050 c was found to be 0.043%), phytochemical analysis showed the presence of rich source of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, phenols, phytosterol, diterpenes, flavanoids, proteins& aminoacids. SEM analysis showed that VPM was arranged in agglomerates of size of micro particles. EDAX analysis showed the presence of minerals like carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, silica, sulphur, chloride, potassium, calcium. FTIR showed the peak values which are the fuctional groups present. The sophisticated analysis of instruments were also an essential criteria in studying the surface morphology, topography and the chemical bonds present in them which indirectly correlates with the activity and also an important factor in the standardization of the drugs.

Chitosan/Polyacrylamide containing nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite were prepared via in situ preparation technique. XRD (x-ray diffraction), (FTIR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, (TEM) transmission electron microscopy, (SEM) scanning electron microscopy and (DSC) differential scanning colorimetery were used to characterize the prepared nano-composites before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF).XRD confirm that addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) in the filling level has no effect on the amorphous nature of the base polymeric material with minor change in their crystallinity. FTIR spectra shows maintenance of the basic vibrational band corresponding to chitosan (CHI) and polyacrylamide (PAAm), while the change in the intensity of the peaks at 1092 and 1043 cm-1 indicates interaction between inorganic and organic matrix. Scanning electron micrographs of prepared samples before and after immersion in (SBF) shows a formation of crystalline regions of HA which confirmed by EDX measurements.

Mouth dissolving tablets one of the novel approaches in improving patient compliance. Levocetrizine hydrochloride the non-sedative antihistamine drug commonly used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Tablet containing levocetrizine with Doshion P54 (C) resin and different superdisintegrants like Sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, and polacrilin potassium were used for the manufacturing of tablet. Direct compression technique is used for manufacturing of tablet. Combinations of excipients were incorporated to formulate the tablet. Effect of the combinations were studied to optimize the formulation. Compatibility between the drug and excipients were performed with the help of FTIR spectral analysis. The tablets were evaluated for their hardness, wetting time, disintegrating time and dissolution parameters. It was concluded that the tablets having the combination of drug with Sodium Starch Glycolate  and Polacriline Potassium  met all the evaluation parameters and thus selected as the optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was undergone for stability studies in predicting the shelf-life as per ICH guidelines and proved  for its adequate shelf-life. Key words: Mouth dissolving tablet , Levocetrizine hydrochloride, FTIR, ICH guidelines.