ABSTRACT

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic musculoskeletal condition that commonly affects the knee and other joints. The disability associated with OA results in a considerable economic burden particularly joint replacement surgery and job-related loss of productivity. Until now, most cures research has focused on treatments to reduce pain and prevent functional decline. Analgesics and anti-inflammatory have short-term clinical benefits with some effect sizes which are generally small to moderate. Intra-articular therapies for OA (such as Hyaluronic Acid and corticosteroids) are also proposed but their benefits are limited to a few weeks. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection into the affected joint is receiving increasing interest such as biologic therapy for OA. Current variability in the numerous PRP preparation and injection protocol in addition to considerable heterogeneity between studies make it difficult to establish recommendations regarding which type of PRP to use and for which indications. This manuscript will advance a systematic review of biological effect of PRP as a treatment for knee OA.

Keywords: Platelet-Rich Plasma – Biological implications – Injection Protocol - knee osteoarthritis

ABSTRACT

The aims of review are the latest research development of the lipid based carriers according to the recent relevant literatures. Each preparation of the lipid based microparticles (SLMs) has advantages and disadvantages. The SLMs is an excellent drug delivery system and has broad prospects in the pharmaceutical field. This review discusses the advantages, therapeutic application of SLMs, various techniques of preparation, and different routes of administration, material use and characterization of solid lipid microparticles.

Keywords: SLM, Production technique, Lipid based carrier, Pharmaceutical application.

ABSTRACT

Now a days, increasing use of herbal products needs to study the medicinal plants by more appropriate study in relation to maintain its quality standards. In this paper, the literature and the published work on comparative Pharmacognostical study of Ocimum species. Aim of present study is to establish comparative standards for different species of Ocimum, to collect and comparatively evaluate morphological microscoscopical characters of different species of Ocimum, to comparatively evaluate micro chemical parameters of different species, to develop comparative standards to differentiate species of Ocimum. The T.S of leaf shows the presence of epidermis, parenchymatous cells, collateral vascular bundle, lateral vein, glandular trichomes which are peltate type and sessile. Powder microscopy of the leaf shows the presence of epidermal peelings and multicellular unbranched trichomes.  In present study, the authenticated plants were studied for Pharmacognostical Evaluations including study of Macroscopic Evaluations, Microscopic Evaluations. The macroscopic of leaves and steam of each species was studied by observing the organoleptic characters such as colour, size, texture and surface characteristics.

Keywords: Ocimum americanum, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum kilimandscharicum, Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum sanctum.