ABSTRACT

Every drug has intrinsic chemical and physical properties which has been consider before development of pharmaceutical formulation. This property provides the framework for drug’s combination with pharmaceutical ingredients in the fabrication of dosage form. Objective of Preformulation study is to develop the elegant (stable, effective, and safe ) dosage form by establishing kinetic rate profile, compatibility with the other ingredients & establish Physico-Chemical parameter of new drug substance.  Among these properties, drug solubility, partition coefficient, dissolution rate, polymorphic forms and stability are plays important role in Preformulation study. Polymorphism having crystal and amorphous forms shows different chemical physical and therapeutic description of the drug molecule. So the for study of crystal properties some techniques are mentioned in this article. And also stability of drug and product how they affected and prevention is mentioned. Preformulation study is a step in time saves nine that is disastrous effect after formulation is prevented in advance. 

Keywords:  Preformulation, Stability testing, Physic-Chemical properties, Polymorphism.

ABSTRACT

Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain has now been equated to a fifth vital sign highlighting the significance of pain management in patient care. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic which is structurally related to codeine and morphine. It is effectively used to treat moderate to severe acute and chronic pain in diverse conditions. Tramadol is placed on the second step of WHO analgesic ladder and in contrast to traditional opioids, exerts its analgesic activity, a dual mechanism of action inhibiting transmission as well as perception of pain. Tramadol is more suitable than NSAID’s and coxib’s for patient with GI, renal and cardiovascular problems. Combined with low dependence/abuse potential, it has proven to be of significant advantage over other agents especially in the elderly.

Keywords: Tramadol, Analgesic, Pain, Cyclo-oxygenase, Adverse Effects, etc.

ABSTRACT

Wounds are major responsible for physical disabilities. Wound disease spread by the invasion of bacteria inside the body through skin. Most of pathogenic microorganisms responsible for wound include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial infections on skin are the common ailment for generation of other diseases in the body. Wound infections represent the invasion of tissues by number of species of microorganisms. These infections disturb the immune system of body and cause delayed wound healing. Aloe vera leaves pulp is used for medicinal purposes, including treatment of constipation, asthma, diabetes, peptic ulcer, inflammation, wound healing, heart burn, heat stroke etc. While Azadirachta indica is useful in tiredness, cough, fever, loss of appetite, worm infestation. It heals wound, heat-rash, boils, jaundice, leprosy, skin disorders, eye disorders, stomach ulcers, chicken pox, excessive thirst, diabetes and insect poisons. It act as anti-leprotic, antimalarial, anti-hemorrhoidal and anthelmintic agent. The present study was undertaken on evaluation of combinational effect of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaves pulp and Azadirachta indica leaves for wound healing activity through topical route on excision wound model. The activity was compared with standard drug Povidone Iodine ointment(5% w/w). Combinational effect of both extract was showed faster wound healing effect than standard drug Povidone Iodine ointment on excision wound model.

Keywords: Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, povidone iodine ointment, wound healing activity, excision wound model.

ABSTRACT

The use of fluorides for oral health has always involved a balance between the protective benefit against dental caries and the risk of developing fluorosis. The link between fluoride and dental health was established to determining the causes of dental fluorosis or enamel mottling. Fluorosis in Indian children was highly prevalent in the early 1990s. Policy were introduced to control fluoride exposure and to reduce the prevalence of fluorosis. The study aimed of describing the prevalence, severity and risk factors for fluorosis, and to describe the trend of fluorosis among Indian children. The study also aimed of exploring the effect of the change in fluoride exposure on dental fluorosis and caries. Establishing an appropriate use of fluoride toothpaste could be successful in reducing fluorosis without a significant increase in caries experience.

Keywords: Fluoride, Fluorosis, dental caries, DMFT, DMFS etc.