ABSTRACT

The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of two unlike laser wavelengths (655 nm and 808 nm) used as photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the immune status in male rats. Sixty-five male Sprague–Dawley rats were considered in the experiments which were further divided into three groups. For all the three groups, LPS (lipopolysaccharide) was used as an immunostimulant and it was administered 5mg/kg via intraperitonially (ip) route for 3 consecutive days. In the first group, 655 nm LLLT (power 150 mW) was investigated against LPS induced immune response. Second group investigated 808 nm LLLT (power 150 mW) against LPS induced immune function. After finding out the better responsive LLLT, third group investigated 808 nm LLLT with different power ie 75 mW and 150 mW. The results indicated that 655 nm LLLT at 150 mW power was not restored LPS associated TNF-? and IL-1? content. While, LPS induced enhance IL-1? and TNF-? level was significantly decreased in 808 nm LLLT group. Further, comparison was studied in 808 nm LLLT at different power ie 150 mW and 75 mW and pro-inflammatory cytokines estimation was quantified. The outcome of the study concluded that 808 nm LLLT has anti-inflammatory activity at 150 mW power. Hence, the further research work is required in this direction to advise that 808 nm LLLT at 150 mW could be considered as a treatment to protect inflammatory diseases.

Keywords: Photobiomodulation; low-level laser therapy (LLLT); immune status; 655nm; 808nm; in vivo

ABSTRACT

Acne vulgaris is the most common chronic skin disease of the world. The bacteria responsible for acne are Staphylococcus aureus. So many synthetic products are available in the market for acne treatment including antibiotics, but serious side effects arises due to the long-term use of synthetically prepared anti-acne preparations. Bacterial resistance is the major problem that occurs due to the irrational use of antibiotics, in addition to this skin problem, such as erythema, allergy, sunburn and melanin pigmentation. As from ancient times, natural plant substances have been shown to be promising candidates for acne treatment without side effects. Therefore in the present study, the anti acne cream formulation has been prepared using Vitex negundo (leaves), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (flower) and Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifoli). The prepared formulation was evaluated on the basis of greasiness, spreadability, homogeneity, skin irritancy, viscosity, pH, emolliency and stability. The antibacterial study was also performed using a well diffusion technique and results showed that formulation possess sufficient anti bacterial activity. This showed that the optimized formulation has anti-acne properties.

Keywords: Anti acne, Staphylococcus aureus, Vitex negundo, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Melaleuca alternifolia.

ABSTRACT

The present work involves the formulation of colon targeted matrix tablet of Mesalazine by using direct compression method. Excipients including in the formulation are Eudragit S100, Ethyl cellulose, Lactose, Talc, Magnesium stearate. Preformulation studies have also been performed to study the nature of API and compatibility of API with excipients by physical observation and TLC studies. The result showed that API was compatible with all the excipients selected. The tablets were formulated by direct compression method using the selected excipient quantities. The formulated tablets were tested for both pre-compression parameters and post compression parameters as per requirements of standards. Pre-compression parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio and compressibility index. The results obtained indicate that it has good flow property for direct compression. The formulated Mesalazine matrix tablets were coated with enteric polymer Eudragit FS 30D by pan coating method. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution studies. All these parameters were found to be within the standard limits. Comparative studies of coated Mesalazine tablets and uncoated Mesalazine tablets were evaluated for the hardness, thickness, in-vitro dissolution studies and disintegration time. Out of six formulations, the formulation F6 showed 98.51% drug release at 16 hrs. Since it provide greater protection to the core under acidic condition while at the same time show the fastest drug release under intestinal pH. So the formulation F6 was considered as the confirmatory trial and it was subjected for stability studies up to three months of accelerated stability 40⁰C ± 2C⁰, 75 % ± 5 % RH and found to be within limits.

Keywords: Matrix Tablet, Mesalazine, direct compression method.