ABSTRACT

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a diverse condition in which managing and predicting patient responses to therapy poses a problem. It can develop in healthy people, including kids and young adults, after a viral infection and significantly impair a patient's quality of life. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors, or immunological suppression (corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins) are the mainstays of ITP treatment. This article provides a quick overview of the occurrence, aetiology, classification, and several therapy approaches based on recent research. We also present a case report on ITP and summarize the key points in the diagnosis and management of it. In order to improve the disease prognosis and lower the incidence or frequency of refractoriness, a deeper understanding of ITP is needed in order to offer patients with individualized therapy alternatives.

Keywords: Immune thrombocytopenia, Thrombopoietin receptor agonists, corticosteroids, Syk inhibitors, immunoglobulins.

ABSTRACT

Urolithiasis commonly referred to as kidney stones occurs due to the intricate connection of dietary practices, environmental factors, genetics and urinary tract anatomy which varies substantially with prevalence rising globally as a consequence of lifestyle changes. Ayurvedic medicinal herbs offer a natural and holistic approach in managing urolithiasis, minimizing recurrence and side effects, compared to allopathic treatments, which often carry risks like gastrointestinal disturbances and renal toxicity. In this regard a unique blend of three medicinal herbs- Aerva lanata, Tribulus terrestris, and Eugenia jambolana are combined to improve the therapeutic effectiveness which showed amalgamation revealing phytoconstituents that had stone dissolving properties confirmed through FTIR studies.This herbal blend in liquid form is a novel approach to treat calculi that occur in the urinary tract with genuine attempt being made to create a novel liquid formulation which achieved a synergistic effect that showed the removal of calculi from the urinary system yet retaining safety. The synergistic effect of liquid formulation was studied by taking male albino rats and administrating 0.75 % v/v of Ethylene glycol mixed with purified water to induce urolithiasis. The administration of the liquid formulation was given from day 15-28 and the analysis of biochemical parameters like oxalate, calcium and phosphate from urine samples and calcium, uric acid and creatinine from serum were analyzed. The study revealed the anti-urolithiatic activity of the liquid formulation through inhibition of biochemical parameters which supports treatment of urolithiasis.

Keywords: Urolithiasis, Aerva lanata, Tribulus terrestris, Eugenia jambolana, FTIR spectrum, Phytoconstituents.

ABSTRACT

Spinacia oleracea is a green leafy vegetable widely consumed for its nutritional value. The present research work is focused on spinacia oleracea seed extract for evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anxiolytic activities. Spinach leaves antioxidant properties are well documented but the bioactive potential of seeds remains unexplored. Hence this research work aims to explore the antioxidant and anxiolytic effects of Spinacia oleracea seed extract using standard in vitro and in vivo methods. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the spinacia oleracea seed extract at dose of 50,100,300 and 500µg/ml were assayed using hydroxyl radical scavenging, nitric oxide, and DPPH radical scavenging assay and results are compared with standard reference drug Gallic acid at concentration 2.5µg/ml. In behavioral studies, spinacia oleracea seed extract at dose of 75mg/kg and 150mg/kg was tested on albino mice subjected to standard behavioral paradigms such as elevated plus maze, open field test, hole board test, and y-maze. The results of these effects were compared to standard anxiolytic drug diazepam. The results obtained were encouraging and indicated significant antioxidant and anxiolytic effect. The FTIR studies revealed that the seed extract was rich in phenolic compounds known for its antioxidant property.

Keywords: Spinacia oleracea; antioxidant; DPPH; anxiolytic; elevated plus maze; FTIR